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}
},
"wiki": {
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},
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}
},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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60.917,
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},
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}
},
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},
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},
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],
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}
],
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}
]
},
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"unit": "GPa"
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"unit": "S·m[-1]"
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},
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}
},
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"caption": "Matthias Zepper, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
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}
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},
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},
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},
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15.93461,
34.0576,
45.7155,
90.5001
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8,
18,
4
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},
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}
},
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},
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],
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},
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{
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{
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},
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},
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}
},
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},
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},
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}
},
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},
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18.5892,
28.349,
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62.77
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8,
18,
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],
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},
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},
{
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{
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},
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},
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"413"
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"301+310",
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},
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},
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},
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21.196,
31.697,
42.947,
68.3,
81.83
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},
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},
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},
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8,
18,
6
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},
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},
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}
},
"br": {
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},
"human": {
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}
},
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]
},
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},
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},
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},
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"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
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"314",
"400"
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"273",
"280",
"303+361+353",
"304+340+310",
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"T",
"N"
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"06",
"09"
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"8",
"9"
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"nfpa": {
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"i": "0",
"s": ""
}
},
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},
"image": {
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},
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21.591,
34.871,
47.782,
59.595,
87.39,
103.03
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},
"names": {
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"allen": 2.685,
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},
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},
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8,
18,
7
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79.907
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},
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"unit": "V",
"info": "Br + e[-] → Br[-]"
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},
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"@": {
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}
},
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}
},
"toxicity": [
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"organism": "rats",
"application": "oral",
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}
},
{
"type": "LD{50}",
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},
{
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23.17,
34.41836,
80.348
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18,
10,
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14.32,
25.04,
37.611,
50.5728
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8,
18,
12,
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54.417
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},
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},
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15.26,
29.55,
41,
57
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},
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8,
18,
13,
2
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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40.6,
60
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},
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},
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22.44,
41.17,
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8,
18,
23,
8,
2
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},
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24,
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2
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},
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},
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},
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}
},
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24.84,
42.94,
63.2
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},
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8,
18,
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2
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},
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},
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},
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}
},
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},
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},
"image": {
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},
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12.076,
20.54,
44.44,
64.8
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},
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},
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8,
18,
25,
9,
2
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21.82,
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22.89,
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62.1
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18,
28,
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2
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22.79,
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63.9
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18,
29,
8,
2
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11.916,
22.7,
42.42,
65.1
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8,
18,
30,
8,
2
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43.61,
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22.55,
33.37,
68.37
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8,
18,
32,
10,
2
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48.272
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},
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8,
18,
32,
11,
2
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}
},
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}
},
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}
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},
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},
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}
},
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"caption": "Alchemist-hp (talk) (www.pse-mendelejew.de) (FAL or GFDL 1.2), via Wikimedia Commons"
},
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7.86403,
16.37,
26,
38.2,
51.6
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]
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8,
18,
32,
12,
2
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},
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},
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16.6,
27,
39.1,
51.9
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8,
18,
32,
13,
2
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}
},
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},
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},
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},
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"318",
"335"
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"280",
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"05",
"07"
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},
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}
},
"image": {
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},
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8.43823,
17,
25,
41,
55
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},
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},
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},
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},
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}
},
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},
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"native",
"stable",
"noble",
"heavy",
"platinum"
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}
},
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2,
8,
18,
32,
14,
2
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}
]
},
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},
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"info": "OsO{4} + 8H[+] + 8e[-] → Os + 4H{2}O"
},
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"value": 3306,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
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"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
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"unit": "K"
},
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}
},
"wiki": {
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}
},
"ir": {
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"unit": "ppb"
}
},
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},
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},
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"value": "7439-88-5"
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],
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],
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},
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},
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},
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"value": 528,
"unit": "GPa"
},
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"unit": "GPa"
},
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},
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},
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"unit": "S·m[-1]"
},
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},
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"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
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"value": 671,
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}
},
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"value": 1670,
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},
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}
},
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"07"
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},
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"value": 0.0000064,
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}
},
"image": {
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"caption": "Dschwen, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
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17,
28,
40,
57
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},
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"names": {
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},
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57,
69.1
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8,
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18,
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26.58,
39.65,
50.39,
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85.1
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8
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"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Rn",
"temperature": {
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"value": 202,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 211.5,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 9.5,
"unit": "K"
},
"critical": {
"value": 377,
"unit": "K",
"@": {
"value": 6.28,
"unit": "MPa"
}
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Radon",
"de": "Radon"
}
},
"fr": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 223.0197,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
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"classification": {
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{
"value": "7440-73-5"
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],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
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"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
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"by": "Perey",
"value": 1939
},
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"fusion": {
"value": 2,
"*": true,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
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"*": true,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
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"*": true,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
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"group": 1,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
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"value": 15,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Pichblende.jpg",
"caption": "Template:Farhan, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
4.072741,
22.4,
33.5,
39.1,
50
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000077,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Francium",
"de": "Francium",
"la": "Francium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "decay",
"negativity": {
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"allred": 0.86,
"mulliken": 0.68,
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},
"number": 87,
"oxidation_state": "+1",
"oxide_character": "basic",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
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"light",
"radioactive",
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],
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"radioactivity": "highly-radioactive",
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"unit": "pm"
},
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"unit": "pm"
}
},
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8,
18,
32,
18,
8,
1
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -2.92,
"*": true,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Fr[+] + e[-] → Fr"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Fr",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 300,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 950,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 650,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Francium",
"de": "Francium"
}
},
"ra": {
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"abundance": {
"crust": {
"value": 0.0001,
"unit": "ppb"
},
"water": {
"value": 1e-8,
"unit": "ppb"
},
"stream": {
"value": 4e-7,
"unit": "ppb"
},
"human": {
"value": 0.000001,
"unit": "ppb"
}
},
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery white metallic",
"de": "silbrig-weiß-metallisch"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 226.0254,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "s",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "7440-14-4"
}
],
"eg": [
{
"value": "231-122-4"
}
],
"echa": [
{
"value": "100.028.293"
}
]
},
"column": 2,
"crystal_structure": "bcc",
"density": {
"value": 5.5,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]",
"condition": [
{
"value": 293.15,
"unit": "K"
}
]
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Marie und Pierre Curie",
"value": 1898
},
"electrical": {
"conductivity": {
"value": 1000000,
"unit": "S·m[-1]"
},
"resistivity": {
"value": 0.000001,
"unit": "Ωm"
}
},
"electron_config": "Rn 7s[2]",
"enthalpy": {
"fusion": {
"value": 8,
"*": true,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"vaporisation": {
"value": 125,
"*": true,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"atomisation": {
"value": 159,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
"era": "classifying",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 2,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 19,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Radium226.jpg",
"caption": "grenadier, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
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5.2784239,
10.14718,
31,
41,
52.9
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"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "nonmagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00004109,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
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"la": "Radium"
},
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"negativity": {
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},
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"phase": "solid",
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"heavy",
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"artificial"
],
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"unit": "pm"
},
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"unit": "pm"
}
},
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2,
8,
18,
32,
18,
8,
2
],
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"value": -2.916,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Ra[2+] + 2e[-] → Ra"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Ra",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 973,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 2010,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 1037,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Radium",
"de": "Radium"
}
},
"ac": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery-white, glowing with an eerie blue light; sometimes with a golden cast",
"de": "silbrig"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 227.0278,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"basicity": "moderately-alkaline",
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
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"value": "7440-34-8"
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],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 3,
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"density": {
"value": 10.07,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Debierne",
"value": 1899
},
"electron_config": "Rn 6d[1] 7s[2]",
"enthalpy": {
"fusion": {
"value": 14,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"vaporisation": {
"value": 400,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"atomisation": {
"value": 406,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
"era": "classifying",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 12,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Actinium_sample_%2831481701837%29.png",
"caption": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
5.380226,
11.75,
17.431,
44.8,
55
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00002255,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
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"de": "Actinium",
"la": "Actinium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "decay",
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"allred": 1,
"nagle": 1.03
},
"number": 89,
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"phase": "solid",
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"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "significantly-radioactive",
"radius": {
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"value": 215,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
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2,
8,
18,
32,
18,
9,
2
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -2.13,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Ac[3+] + 3e[-] → Ac"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Ac",
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"value": 1500,
"unit": "K"
},
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"deviation": 300,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
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"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
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}
},
"th": {
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"unit": "ppb"
},
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},
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"unit": "ppb"
},
"crust": {
"value": 6000,
"unit": "ppb"
},
"water": {
"value": 0.00004,
"unit": "ppb"
},
"stream": {
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"unit": "ppb"
}
},
"appearance": {
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},
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"unit": "u"
},
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"value": "7440-29-1"
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"value": "231-139-7"
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"value": "100.028.308"
}
]
},
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"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
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},
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"value": 79,
"unit": "GPa"
},
"rigidity": {
"value": 31,
"unit": "GPa"
},
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"unit": "GPa"
},
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},
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"value": 6670000,
"unit": "S·m[-1]"
},
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}
},
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"enthalpy": {
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"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
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}
},
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"hardness": {
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"unit": "NM·m[-2]"
},
"vickers": {
"value": 350,
"unit": "NM·m[-2]"
}
},
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"value": 54,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
},
"thermal_expansion": {
"value": 0.000011,
"unit": "K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
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"caption": "Alchemist-hp (talk) (www.pse-mendelejew.de), FAL, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
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6.3067,
12.1,
18.32,
28.648,
58
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},
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"condition": [
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"value": 293,
"unit": "K"
}
]
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.0000198,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
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"la": "Thorium"
},
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"negativity": {
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"allred": 1.11,
"nagle": 1.03
},
"number": 90,
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"phase": "solid",
"price": {
"value": 287,
"unit": "USD"
},
"properties": [
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"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial"
],
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"radioactivity": "slightly-radioactive",
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"unit": "pm"
},
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"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
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2,
8,
18,
32,
18,
10,
2
],
"sound_speed": {
"value": 2490,
"unit": "m·s[−1]",
"condition": [
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"value": 293.15,
"unit": "K"
}
]
},
"standard_atomic_weight": {
"value": 232.0377,
"deviation": 0.0004
},
"superconductivity": "normal",
"symbol": "Th",
"temperature": {
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"value": 2023,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 5061,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 3038,
"unit": "K"
},
"transition": {
"value": 1.4,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Thorium",
"de": "Thorium"
}
},
"pa": {
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"abundance": {
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"value": 0.00001,
"unit": "ppb"
},
"water": {
"value": 2e-16,
"unit": "ppb"
}
},
"appearance": {
"en": "bright, silvery metallic luster",
"de": "hell, silbrig, metallisch glänzend"
},
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"value": 231.035882,
"unit": "u"
},
"basicity": "slightly-alkaline",
"block": "f",
"classification": {
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{
"value": "7440-13-3"
}
],
"eg": [
{
"value": "616-087-9"
}
],
"echa": [
{
"value": "100.122.906"
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]
},
"column": 5,
"crystal_structure": "tetr",
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"value": 15.37,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
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"value": 1917
},
"electrical": {
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"value": 5560000,
"unit": "S·m[-1]"
},
"resistivity": {
"value": 1.8e-7,
"unit": "Ωm"
}
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[2] 6d[1] 7s[2]",
"enthalpy": {
"fusion": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"vaporisation": {
"value": 470,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"atomisation": {
"value": 607,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
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"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 47,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Protactinium-233.jpg",
"caption": "ENERGY.GOV, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
5.89,
11.9,
18.6,
30.9,
44.3
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"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001518,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
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"de": "Protactinium",
"la": "Protactinium"
},
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"negativity": {
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"allred": 1.14,
"nagle": 1.08
},
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"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
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"heavy",
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"artificial"
],
"radioactive": true,
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"radius": {
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"value": 163,
"unit": "pm"
},
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"value": 200,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
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2,
8,
18,
32,
20,
9,
2
],
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"value": 231.03588,
"deviation": 0.00001
},
"superconductivity": "normal",
"symbol": "Pa",
"temperature": {
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"value": 1841,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 4300,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 2459,
"unit": "K"
},
"transition": {
"value": 1.4,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Protactinium",
"de": "Protactinium"
}
},
"u": {
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"unit": "ppb"
},
"sun": {
"value": 1,
"unit": "ppb"
},
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"unit": "ppb"
},
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"unit": "ppb"
},
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"unit": "ppb"
},
"stream": {
"value": 0.04,
"unit": "ppb"
},
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"value": 1,
"unit": "ppb"
}
},
"appearance": {
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},
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},
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"value": "7440-61-1"
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"value": "231-170-6"
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]
},
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"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
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},
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"unit": "GPa"
},
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"unit": "GPa"
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"unit": "S·m[-1]"
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}
},
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"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
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"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
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"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
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"value": 1960,
"unit": "NM·m[-2]"
}
},
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"300",
"373",
"413"
],
"p": [
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],
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"X"
],
"ghs": [
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"08"
],
"adr": [
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"7B"
],
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"i": "1",
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}
},
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"unit": "K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
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"caption": "Warut Roonguthai, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
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11.6,
19.8,
36.7,
46
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},
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},
"names": {
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"la": "Uranium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "primordial",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.38,
"allred": 1.22,
"nagle": 1.06
},
"number": 92,
"oxidation_state": "+3, +4, +5, '''+6'''",
"oxide_character": "basic",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
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"value": 101,
"unit": "USD"
},
"properties": [
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"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial"
],
"radioactive": true,
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"radius": {
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"value": 156,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 196,
"deviation": 7,
"unit": "pm"
},
"vdw": {
"value": 186,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
21,
9,
2
],
"sound_speed": {
"value": 3155,
"unit": "m·s[−1]"
},
"standard_atomic_weight": {
"value": 238.02891,
"deviation": 0.00003
},
"standard_potential": {
"value": -1.66,
"unit": "V",
"info": "U[3+] + 3e[-] → U"
},
"superconductivity": "normal",
"symbol": "U",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1405.3,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 4404,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 2998.7,
"unit": "K"
},
"transition": {
"value": 1.3,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Uranium",
"de": "Uran"
}
},
"np": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery metallic",
"de": "silbrig"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 237.0482,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "7439-99-8"
}
],
"eg": [
{
"value": "231-108-8"
}
],
"echa": [
{
"value": "100.028.280"
}
]
},
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"value": 20.45,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "McMillan, Abelson",
"value": 1940
},
"electrical": {
"conductivity": {
"value": 820000,
"unit": "S·m[-1]"
},
"resistivity": {
"value": 0.0000012,
"unit": "Ωm"
}
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[4] 6d[1] 7s[2]",
"enthalpy": {
"fusion": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"vaporisation": {
"value": 335,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
"era": "quantum",
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"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 6.3,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]",
"condition": [
{
"value": 300,
"unit": "K"
}
]
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Np_sphere.jpg",
"caption": "Los Alamos National Lab., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
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6.26554,
11.5,
19.7,
33.8,
48
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001159,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
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"de": "Neptunium",
"la": "Neptunium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "decay",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.36,
"allred": 1.22,
"nagle": 1.09
},
"number": 93,
"oxidation_state": "+3, +4, '''+5''', +6, +7",
"oxide_character": "basic",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"price": {
"value": 660000,
"unit": "USD"
},
"properties": [
"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "slightly-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 155,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 190,
"deviation": 1,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
22,
9,
2
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -1.79,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Np[3+] + 3e[-] → Np"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Np",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 912,
"deviation": 3,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 4447,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 3535,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Neptunium",
"de": "Neptunium"
}
},
"pu": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air",
"de": "silbriges Metall"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 244.0642,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"basicity": "amphoterism",
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "7440-07-5"
}
],
"eg": [
{
"value": "231-117-7"
}
],
"echa": [
{
"value": "100.028.288"
}
]
},
"column": 8,
"crystal_structure": "mon",
"density": {
"value": 19.816,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Seaborg",
"value": 1940
},
"elastic": {
"young": {
"value": 96,
"unit": "GPa"
},
"rigidity": {
"value": 43,
"unit": "GPa"
},
"poisson": 0.21
},
"electrical": {
"conductivity": {
"value": 680000,
"unit": "S·m[-1]"
},
"resistivity": {
"value": 0.0000015,
"unit": "Ωm"
}
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[6] 7s[2]",
"enthalpy": {
"fusion": {
"value": 2.8,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
},
"vaporisation": {
"value": 325,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
"era": "quantum",
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"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
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"value": 130,
"unit": "J·kg[−1]·K[−1]"
},
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 6.74,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Plutonium_ring.jpg",
"caption": "Los Alamos National Laboratory, Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
6.02576,
11.5,
21.1,
35,
49
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001229,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Plutonium",
"de": "Plutonium",
"la": "Plutonium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "decay",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.28,
"allred": 1.22,
"nagle": 1.09
},
"number": 94,
"oxidation_state": "+3, '''+4''', +5, +6, (+7)",
"oxide_character": "basic",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
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"mononuclidic",
"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial"
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"radius": {
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"value": 159,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 187,
"deviation": 1,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
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8,
18,
32,
24,
8,
2
],
"sound_speed": {
"value": 2260,
"unit": "m·s[−1]",
"condition": [
{
"value": 293.15,
"unit": "K"
}
]
},
"standard_potential": {
"value": -2.031,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Pu[3+] + 3e[-] → Pu"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Pu",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 912.5,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 3505,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
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"unit": "K"
}
},
"toxicity": [
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"type": "LD{50}",
"organism": "dog",
"application": "#",
"value": {
"value": 0.32,
"unit": "mg·kg[-1]"
}
},
{
"type": "LD{50}",
"organism": "human",
"application": "#",
"value": {
"value": null,
"range": [
10,
99
],
"*": true,
"unit": "mg·kg[-1]"
}
}
],
"wiki": {
"en": "Plutonium",
"de": "Plutonium"
}
},
"am": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery white",
"de": "silbrig-weißes Metall"
},
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"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
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{
"value": "7440-35-9"
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],
"eg": [
{
"value": "231-144-4"
}
],
"echa": [
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"value": "100.028.313"
}
]
},
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"density": {
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"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
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"value": 1944
},
"electrical": {
"conductivity": {
"value": 147000000,
"unit": "S·m[-1]"
}
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[7] 7s[2]",
"era": "quantum",
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"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
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"value": 0.11,
"unit": "J·kg[−1]·K[−1]"
},
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]",
"condition": [
{
"value": 300,
"unit": "K"
}
]
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Americium_microscope.jpg",
"caption": "Bionerd, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
5.97381,
11.7,
21.7,
36.8,
50
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"magnetic_susceptibility": {
"value": 0.001,
"unit": "cm[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001778,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Americium",
"de": "Americium",
"la": "Americium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
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"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.1
},
"number": 95,
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"synthetic"
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"value": 173,
"unit": "pm"
},
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"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
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2,
8,
18,
32,
25,
8,
2
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -2.07,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Am[3+] + 3e[-] → Am"
},
"superconductivity": "normal",
"symbol": "Am",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1449,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 2880,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 1431,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"transition": {
"value": 1,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Americium",
"de": "Americium"
}
},
"cm": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark",
"de": "silbrig-weißes Metall"
},
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"value": 247.0703,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
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"value": "7440-51-9"
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"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 10,
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"density": {
"value": 13.51,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
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"value": 1944
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[7] 6d[1] 7s[2]",
"enthalpy": {
"vaporisation": {
"value": 320,
"*": true,
"unit": "kJ·mol[-1]"
}
},
"era": "quantum",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]",
"condition": [
{
"value": 300,
"unit": "K"
}
]
}
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
5.99141,
12.4,
20.1,
37.7,
51
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "antiferromagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001805,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Curium",
"de": "Curium",
"la": "Curium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
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"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.11
},
"number": 96,
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"oxide_character": "basic",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
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"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "slightly-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 174,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 169,
"deviation": 3,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
25,
9,
2
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -2.06,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Cm[3+] + 3e[-] → Cm"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Cm",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1613,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 3383,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 1770,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Curium",
"de": "Curium"
}
},
"bk": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery",
"de": "silberweiß"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 247,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "7440-40-6"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 11,
"crystal_structure": "dhcp",
"density": {
"value": 14.78,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Seaborg",
"value": 1949
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[9] 7s[2]",
"era": "quantum",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Berkelium_metal.jpg",
"caption": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
6.19785,
11.9,
21.6,
36,
56
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001684,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Berkelium",
"de": "Berkelium",
"la": "Berkelium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.3,
"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.11
},
"number": 97,
"oxidation_state": "'''+3''', +4",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 170,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
27,
8,
2
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -2,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Bk[3+] + 3e[-] → Bk"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Bk",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1259,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 2900,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 1641,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Berkelium",
"de": "Berkelium"
}
},
"cf": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery",
"de": "silbriges Metall"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 251,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "7440-71-3"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 12,
"crystal_structure": "dhcp",
"density": {
"value": 15.1,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Seaborg",
"value": 1950
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[10] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Californium.jpg",
"caption": "United States Department of Energy (see File:Einsteinium.jpg), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
6.28166,
12,
22.4,
37.7,
51.9
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.0000165,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Californium",
"de": "Californium",
"la": "Californium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.3,
"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.13
},
"number": 98,
"oxidation_state": "(+2), '''+3''', (+4)",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "radioactive",
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
28,
8,
2
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -1.91,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Cf[3+] + 3e[-] → Cf"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Cf",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1173,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 1743,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 570,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Californium",
"de": "Californium"
}
},
"es": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "silvery; glows blue in the dark"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 252,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
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"value": "7429-92-7"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
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"density": {
"value": 13.5,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Seaborg",
"value": 1952
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[11] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"image": {
"url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Einsteinium.jpg",
"caption": "Haire, R. G., US Department of Energy.Touched up by Materialscientist at en.wikipedia., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
6.36758,
12.2,
22.7,
38.8,
54.1
],
"unit": "eV"
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00002852,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Einsteinium",
"de": "Einsteinium",
"la": "Einsteinium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.3,
"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.14
},
"number": 99,
"oxidation_state": "+2, '''+3''', (+4)",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "significantly-radioactive",
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
29,
8,
2
],
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Es",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1133,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 1269,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 136,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Einsteinium",
"de": "Einsteinium"
}
},
"fm": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 257.0951,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
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"cas": [
{
"value": "7440-72-4"
}
],
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"echa": null
},
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"discovery": {
"by": "Seaborg",
"value": 1952
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[12] 7s[2]",
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"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
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"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
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6.5,
12.4,
23.2,
39.3,
55
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"names": {
"en": "Fermium",
"de": "Fermium",
"la": "Fermium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.3,
"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.1
},
"number": 100,
"oxidation_state": "+2 +3",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "significantly-radioactive",
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
30,
8,
2
],
"standard_potential": {
"value": -1.96,
"unit": "V",
"info": "Fm[3+] + 3e[-] → Fm"
},
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Fm",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1800,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Fermium",
"de": "Fermium"
}
},
"md": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 258,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "7440-11-1"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
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"discovery": {
"by": "Seaborg",
"value": 1955
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[13] 7s[2]",
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"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
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"value": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
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6.58,
12.4,
24.3,
40,
54.1
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"names": {
"en": "Mendelevium",
"de": "Mendelevium",
"la": "Mendelevium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
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"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.17
},
"number": 101,
"oxidation_state": "+2 +3",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "significantly-radioactive",
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
31,
8,
2
],
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Md",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1100,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Mendelevium",
"de": "Mendelevium"
}
},
"no": {
"@modified": "2023-11-04T10:30:10.482Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 259,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "10028-14-5"
}
],
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"echa": null
},
"column": 16,
"crystal_structure": "fcc",
"discovery": {
"by": "Seaborg",
"value": 1958
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 7s[2]",
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"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
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"value": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
6.62621,
12.93,
25.8,
41.5,
60
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"names": {
"en": "Nobelium",
"de": "Nobelium",
"la": "Nobelium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.3,
"allred": 1.2,
"nagle": 1.18
},
"number": 102,
"oxidation_state": "+2 +3",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "highly-radioactive",
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
8,
2
],
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "No",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1100,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Nobelium",
"de": "Nobelium"
}
},
"lr": {
"@modified": "2023-10-19T17:18:47.603Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 266,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"basicity": "slightly-alkaline",
"block": "f",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "22537-19-5"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
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"discovery": {
"by": "Ghiorso",
"value": 1961
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 7s[2] 7p[1]",
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"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 20,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
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"value": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
4.96,
14.54,
21.8,
43.6,
56
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"names": {
"en": "Lawrencium",
"de": "Lawrencium",
"la": "Lawrencium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"negativity": {
"pauling": 1.3
},
"number": 103,
"oxidation_state": "+3",
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "highly-radioactive",
"set": "actinoide",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
8,
3
],
"superconductivity": "none",
"symbol": "Lr",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 1900,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Lawrencium",
"de": "Lawrencium"
}
},
"rf": {
"@modified": "2023-10-19T17:18:47.603Z",
"appearance": {
"de": "unbekannt, vermutlich silber-weiß oder grau metallisch"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 261.1087,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "53850-36-5"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
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"density": {
"value": 17,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Ghiorso",
"value": 1964
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[2] 7s[2]",
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"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 4,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 23,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
6.02,
14.35,
23.84,
31.87,
64
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000016,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Rutherfordium",
"de": "Rutherfordium",
"la": "Rutherfordium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 104,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"heavy",
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "highly-radioactive",
"radius": {
"covalent": {
"value": 157,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "transitionmetal",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
10,
2
],
"symbol": "Rf",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 2400,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 5800,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 3400,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Rutherfordium",
"de": "Rutherfordium"
}
},
"db": {
"@modified": "2023-10-19T17:18:47.603Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 262.1138,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "53850-35-4"
}
],
"eg": [
{
"value": "611-058-7"
}
],
"echa": [
{
"value": "100.126.367"
}
]
},
"column": 19,
"crystal_structure": "bcc",
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"value": 21.6,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Ghiorso",
"value": 1967
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[3] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 5,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 58,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
6.8,
14,
23.1,
33,
43
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000012,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Dubnium",
"de": "Dubnium",
"la": "Dubnium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 105,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "significantly-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 139,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 149,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "transitionmetal",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
11,
2
],
"symbol": "Db",
"wiki": {
"en": "Dubnium",
"de": "Dubnium"
}
},
"sg": {
"@modified": "2023-10-19T17:18:47.603Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 263.1182,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54038-81-2"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
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"value": 23.2,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Oganessian",
"value": 1974
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[4] 7s[2]",
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"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 6,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 19,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
7.8,
17.1,
25.8,
35.5,
47.2
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000012,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Seaborgium",
"de": "Seaborgium",
"la": "Seaborgium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 106,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "highly-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 132,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 143,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "transitionmetal",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
12,
2
],
"symbol": "Sg",
"wiki": {
"en": "Seaborgium",
"de": "Seaborgium"
}
},
"bh": {
"@modified": "2023-10-17T15:25:28.382Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 262.1229,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54037-14-8"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 21,
"crystal_structure": "hcp",
"density": {
"value": 27.2,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "Oganessian",
"value": 1976
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[5] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 7,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
7.7,
17.5,
26.7,
37.3,
49
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Bohrium",
"de": "Bohrium",
"la": "Bohrium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 107,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "highly-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 128,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 141,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "transitionmetal",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
13,
2
],
"symbol": "Bh",
"wiki": {
"en": "Bohrium",
"de": "Bohrium"
}
},
"hs": {
"@modified": "2023-10-17T15:25:28.382Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 265.269,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54037-57-9"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 22,
"crystal_structure": "hcp",
"density": {
"value": 28.6,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "GSI",
"value": 1984
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[6] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 8,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
7.6,
18.2,
29.3,
37.7,
51.2
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Hassium",
"de": "Hassium",
"la": "Hassium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 108,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "highly-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 126,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 134,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "transitionmetal",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
14,
2
],
"symbol": "Hs",
"wiki": {
"en": "Hassium",
"de": "Hassium"
}
},
"mt": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 268,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54038-01-6"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 23,
"crystal_structure": "fcc",
"density": {
"value": 28.2,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "GSI",
"value": 1982
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[7] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 9,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
8.3
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"magnetic_ordering": "paramagnetic",
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Meitnerium",
"de": "Meitnerium",
"la": "Meitnerium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 109,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 128,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 129,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
15,
2
],
"symbol": "Mt",
"wiki": {
"en": "Meitnerium",
"de": "Meitnerium"
}
},
"ds": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 281,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54083-77-1"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 24,
"crystal_structure": "bcc",
"density": {
"value": 27.4,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "GSI",
"value": 1994
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[8] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 10,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
9.9
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.00001,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Darmstadtium",
"de": "Darmstadtium",
"la": "Darmstadtium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 110,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 132,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 128,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
16,
2
],
"symbol": "Ds",
"wiki": {
"en": "Darmstadtium",
"de": "Darmstadtium"
}
},
"rg": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 280,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54386-24-2"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 25,
"crystal_structure": "bcc",
"density": {
"value": 24.4,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "GSI",
"value": 1994
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[9] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 11,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
10.6
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000012,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Roentgenium",
"de": "Roentgenium",
"la": "Roentgenium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 111,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 138,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 121,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
17,
2
],
"symbol": "Rg",
"wiki": {
"en": "Roentgenium",
"de": "Roentgenium"
}
},
"cn": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 277,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "d",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54084-26-3"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 26,
"crystal_structure": "bcc",
"density": {
"value": 16.8,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "GSI",
"value": 1996
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[10] 7s[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 12,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
12
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000017,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Copernicium",
"de": "Copernicium",
"la": "Copernicium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 112,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 147,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 122,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
18,
2
],
"symbol": "Cn",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 283,
"deviation": 11,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 340,
"deviation": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 57,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"triple": {
"value": 283,
"*": true,
"unit": "K",
"@": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "kPa"
}
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Copernicium",
"de": "Copernicium"
}
},
"nh": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 287,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "p",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54084-70-7"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 27,
"crystal_structure": "hcp",
"density": {
"value": 16,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "JINR",
"value": 2006
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[10] 7s[2] 7p[1]",
"era": "recent",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 13,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
7.31
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000018,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Nihonium",
"de": "Nihonium",
"la": "Nihonium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 113,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 170,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 176,
"deviation": 4,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
18,
3
],
"symbol": "Nh",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 700,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 1430,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 730,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Nihonium",
"de": "Nihonium"
}
},
"fl": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 289,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "p",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54085-16-4"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 28,
"crystal_structure": "fcc",
"density": {
"value": 14,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "JINR",
"value": 1999
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[10] 7s[2] 7p[2]",
"era": "synthesis",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 14,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
8.54
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000021,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Flerovium",
"de": "Flerovium",
"la": "Flerovium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 114,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 180,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 174,
"deviation": 3,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
18,
4
],
"symbol": "Fl",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 284,
"deviation": 50,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Flerovium",
"de": "Flerovium"
}
},
"mc": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 288,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "p",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54085-64-2"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 29,
"density": {
"value": 13,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "JINR",
"value": 2006
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[10] 7s[2] 7p[3]",
"era": "recent",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 15,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
5.57
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000022,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Moscovium",
"de": "Moscovium",
"la": "Moscovium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 115,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 187,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 157,
"deviation": 1,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
18,
5
],
"symbol": "Mc",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 670,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 1400,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 730,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Moscovium",
"de": "Moscovium"
}
},
"lv": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 293,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "p",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54100-71-9"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 30,
"density": {
"value": 11.2,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "JINR",
"value": 2000
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[10] 7s[2] 7p[4]",
"era": "recent",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 16,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
7.5
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000026,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Livermorium",
"de": "Livermorium",
"la": "Livermorium"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 116,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 183,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 164,
"deviation": 2,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
18,
6
],
"symbol": "Lv",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 708.5,
"*": true,
"unit": "K",
"range": [
637,
780
]
},
"boiling": {
"value": 1085,
"*": true,
"unit": "K",
"range": [
1035,
1135
]
},
"liquid": {
"value": 376.5,
"*": true,
"unit": "K",
"range": [
255,
498
]
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Livermorium",
"de": "Livermorium"
}
},
"ts": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "semimetallic (predicted)"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 292,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "p",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54101-14-3"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 31,
"density": {
"value": 7.2,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "JINR",
"value": 2010
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[10] 7s[2] 7p[5]",
"era": "recent",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 17,
"hazard": null,
"ionization": {
"values": [
7.7
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000041,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Tennessine",
"de": "Tenness",
"la": "Tennessum"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 117,
"period": 7,
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 138,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 156,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
18,
7
],
"symbol": "Ts",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 723,
"*": true,
"unit": "K",
"range": [
623,
823
]
},
"boiling": {
"value": 883,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 160,
"*": true,
"unit": "K",
"range": [
60,
260
]
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Tennessine",
"de": "Tenness"
}
},
"og": {
"@modified": "2023-10-29T17:28:32.371Z",
"appearance": {
"en": "metallic (predicted)"
},
"atomic_mass": {
"value": 294,
"*": true,
"unit": "u"
},
"block": "p",
"classification": {
"cas": [
{
"value": "54144-19-3"
}
],
"eg": null,
"echa": null
},
"column": 32,
"crystal_structure": "fcc",
"density": {
"value": 5.7,
"*": true,
"unit": "g·cm[−3]"
},
"discovery": {
"by": "JINR",
"value": 2006
},
"electron_config": "Rn 5f[14] 6d[10] 7s[2] 7p[6]",
"era": "recent",
"goldschmidt": "synthetic",
"group": 18,
"hazard": null,
"heat": {
"thermal_conductivity": {
"value": 0.0023,
"*": true,
"unit": "W·m[-1]·K[-1]"
}
},
"ionization": {
"values": [
8.7
],
"unit": "eV",
"*": true
},
"molar_volume": {
"value": 0.000052,
"*": true,
"unit": "m[3]·mol[−1]"
},
"names": {
"en": "Oganesson",
"de": "Oganesson",
"la": "Oganesson"
},
"natural_occurrence": "synthetic",
"number": 118,
"period": 7,
"phase": "solid",
"properties": [
"radioactive",
"artificial",
"synthetic"
],
"radioactive": true,
"radioactivity": "extremely-radioactive",
"radius": {
"empirical": {
"value": 152,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
},
"covalent": {
"value": 157,
"*": true,
"unit": "pm"
}
},
"set": "unknown",
"shell": [
2,
8,
18,
32,
32,
18,
8
],
"symbol": "Og",
"temperature": {
"melting": {
"value": 325,
"deviation": 15,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"boiling": {
"value": 450,
"deviation": 10,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
},
"liquid": {
"value": 125,
"*": true,
"unit": "K"
}
},
"wiki": {
"en": "Oganesson",
"de": "Oganesson"
}
}
}